meiosis and mitosis

This week we started to learn about meiosis. Its a 11 step process and makes four (tetra) animal cells. The phases/ steps are:

1. diploid cell (2N)
2. prophase I
3. metaphase I
4. anaphase I
5. telophase I
6. prophase II
7. metaphase II
8. anaphase II
9. telophase II
10. gamete (1N)
11. material paternal

Also in meiosis four cells are being made instead of just one, like in mitosis. Also both mitosis and meiosis have overall the same phases, except for meiosis has it has double the phases like prophase I and prophase II. Meiosis also creates animal cells as appose to mitosis which makes any type of cell. Lastly, Meiosis has two adde phases called diploid cell (2N) which occurs at the begining of the cycle and gamete which takes place at the end of meiosis.

cell reproduction

This week we learned about asexual reproduction. The following steps are in order in which they occur in the cell reproduction cycle.

• The cell has to be in a safe enviornment, and if not the cell will continue to rest.
• If the enviornment has been noticed as safe to the cell than the cell will continue to grow and produce.
• The cell starts to copy and unwrap DNA until there is two.
• After the copy the cell continues to grow.
• Along with th safe enviornmet copied DNA, and the cell is big enough the cell will continue to grow.
• DNA enters cell and the cromatid pair separate to create an equal new cell nucleous.

mighty mitosis

We learned about mitosis this week. During mitosis the nucleous cell divides. There are four steps in mitosis called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each of these steps, they all lead up to a new nucleous at each end of the cell. Also there is another step called interphase, and during this step the chromosomes spread out in the nuclous. During prophase, chromatin coils up and folds the strands of genetic material. The cromatid pair forms an x- shape and each half of the x shape has the same genetic information. During metaphase, the chromatid x's line up in the cell. During anaphase the two halves of the x- separarate from eachother and the cromosomes move apart to each opposite end of the cell. Lastly, during telophase a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. This results of a new nucleous at each end of the cell.

alex m. 12/19

This week we were making analogies to cells after we finished watching a video clip. The video stated that people live on streets and streets are in villiages/cities, cities are in countries, countries are in continents, continents are in the earth, earth is in our solar system, our solar system is in our galaxy and our galaxy is in our universe. This all is telling something. These are all layers into creating our universe. This related to our cells and how they are just made up of layers. By knowing this information we can now make analogies and compare everyday things like a school and a hotel building to a cell. Wedo this by taking a specific part like the foundation of a building and calling it the cell wall or membrane since they both surve the same purpose.

awesome alex!

This week was all about Photosynthesis and Fermination. First photosynthesis is just like a huge cirlce along with respiration. From the chloroplast to the mitocondeia produces energy (sunlight and carbohydratrates), water (H2O), oxygen

(O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). From the mitocondria to the chloplast produces energy, H2O, O2, and CO2. From this you can see the cycle that is being shown. Along with respirationa dn photosynthesis, if animals and plants are both part of the respiration cycle if all animals dyed than something would get messed up. Animals inhale oxygen from the plants and then exhale carbon dioxide. Then the plants give off oxygen so WE can breath and vise versa(only with carbin dioxide). Since this is a cycle niether species would be able to get back that oxygen or carbon dioxide to keep the cycle continuous. Fermination is respiration without oxygen. The reactants of fermination are glucose which are sugar, and the products are carbin dioxide, alcohol, energy and for animals lactic acid. We also did a fermination experiment.

First to see if when we put reactants to fermination, yeast and sugar, and water, into the test tube we would get the smell of alcohol and carbin dioxide would be "ehaled". To tell if there was carbin dioxide being exhaled we put a balloon over the top of the test tube to see. Our results were positive to our first prediction!

Lastly we learned about DNA. DNA is just your parents dna mixed together since no to people have the same DNA except for twins. As we learned DNA is not a cell beacuse it is made up of cells. I think that DNA is formed into a long stringy form because DNA is made up of a bunch of cells, and once they all come together they form this type of formation. :)

alex.m 11/21

This week we laerned a lot about respiration. First of all when we repirate we inhale oxygen(o2) and carbohydrates(C6H12O6). When we exhale we breath out comes carbon dioxide(CO2) and water(H2O). What we also learned is that both sides of the equation need to have equal amounts of atoms. Respirations happens all through your cells and lungs. This way all of the cells can carry the oxygen through the rest of your body. Red blood cells drop off nutrients and oxygen to the other cells so they can all respirtate. That we figured out since our lungs and cells pass the oxygen through the other cells, there is not as much oxygen gets exhaled that we inhale. The mitochandria turns the oxygen into carbon dioxide(CO2) when we exhale. After we finished our respiration(for now!) we started to discuss photosynthasis. Plants take in carbon and release oxygen, so we can inhale oxygen and they can can "inhale" carbon when we exhale.

homework of the two day break

This week we started to learn about paramecium cells. A paramecium cell is categorized as an animal cell in class but is really called a protozoa which means not a plant or an animal cell. Also the paramecium cell moves by the unicellular microbe using celia. These are hairlike structures that surround the organism and pulse rhythmically pushing it forward or in any direction. A paramecium is a cell that lives in stagnate water since it is a calm environment unlike running water which has a rough environment.